Cellular Reproduction Essay -- Biology

Cellular ReproductionCellular Reproduction is the process by which all living thingsproduce new organisms interchangeable or identical to themselves. This isessential in that if a species were not able to reproduce, thatspecies would quickly become extinct. Always, reproduction consists ofa basic pattern the conversion by a parent organism of raw worldlysinto offspring or electric cells that will later develop into offspring.(Encarta, 2) In al around all animal organisms, reproduction occursduring or after the period of maximum growth. (Fichter, 16). But inPlants, which continue to grow through out their lifetime, thereforemaking the process more complex. Plants reproduction is unremarkablycaused by a stimulant, mostly environmental or growth factors. Thereproductive process, whether asexual or sexual always involves anexchange in hereditary material from the parent(s) so that the neworganism may also be able to reproduce. Reproductive processes can becategorized in many diffrent ways although the most common is to putthem into either asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. Asexualreproduction is the process by which a single organism turns jump totwo or more daughter cells. Most single celled organisms reproduce bythe asexual process known as fission, which is commonly calledmitosis. Fission (or Mitosis) is the class of one cell into twoidentical daughter cells. Interphase, the first phase of the cellcycle and also the phase before mitosis, starts as soon as the cell isborn. Interphase is broken up into third phases, G1, S, and G2. During the G1 phase, the cell increases in mass except for the chromosomes,which stay the same, uncoiled. Protein synthesis is also occurringrapidly in this phase. If a cell doesnt divide further, it remainspermanently in the G1 phase. Next is the S phase, in which the mass ofthe cell continues to increase, and DNA is duplicated, and then thechromosomes divide to form identical babe chromatids attached by acentromere. ( Harold, 45). During the G2 phase of Interphase, the cellbecomes double its mass at birth, the chromosomes begin to shorten andcoil, and the centrioles appear, the cell is now ready to enter intomitosis. In the first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, thechromosomes become visible and the centrioles split in half and thenmove to opposite sides of th... ...ont seperatecorrectly. This is called nondisjunction. There are three types ofnondisjunction, Trisomy- when a gamete with an extra chromosome isfertiized with a normal gamete. Monosomy- when a gamete with onechromosome is missing and is then fertilized by normal gamete. AndTrioloidy- where both zygotes have an extra chromosome. Reproductionis as essential to a species as food, water, or shelter. If a speciescannot reproduce anymore, that species will eventually become extinct.There are many means of reproduction save primarily only two asexualand sexual. In asexual reproduction, One organism gives a part or itswhole self, in order to give rise to two or more new organisms. Duringsexual reproduction, two parents each form sex cells, which unite, andeventually form a new individual. working cited Biggs, Alton & others. Biology The Dynamics of Life.Glencoe McGraw-Hill. New York, NY, 2000 Encarta Encyclopedia. CD-ROM.1998 Fichter, Sheila. Reproduction. Universal Press Columbus, OH,1994 Harold, Christopher. Cells A Guided Tour. Simon and Schuster New York, NY, 1987 ONeil, Franklin. Cells. McMeel Publishing, Inc. Atlanta, GA, 1990